.Worksheet 4 1Spring Potential Energy WorksheetProperties Of Exponents Worksheet Evaluate The ExpressionStudent Exploration Cell Cycle Worksheet Answer. Reading potential energy diagrams. Potential energy diagram worksheet 1. Energy diagram labeled u2013 energy diagram physics. Chemistry.12. Potential.Energy.Diagrams.Worksheet. Name:. Date:. Block:.! Matter is the substance of which all material is made. That means objects which have mass. Click for more facts or worksheets.
Potential Energy Diagram Worksheet Labeling Reaction
Energy Transfer Diagrams
Most of the machines or devices we use transfer energy from one form to another. Input energy is taken in by the device in one form and transformed to output energy in another form.
An energy transfer diagram or a Sankey diagram is used to show the transfer of energy across a process or a device. It is a flow diagram in which the widths of the arrows show the relative amounts of each type of energy.
An energy transfer diagram for a power station along with a Sankey diagram is shown below:
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Efficiency
The efficiency of a device is calculated using the following formula:
Light Bulb
Energy Transfer Diagram:
Electrical Energy → Heat and Light Energy
Sankey Diagram:
Efficiency:
Efficiency = 5/100 x 100
Efficiency = 5%
Explanation:
Energy cannot be created nor destroyed. It can only be transformed from one form to another. Thus the 100J of electrical energy is transformed to 5 J of light energy and 95J of heat energy. In the case of the light bulb the 95J of energy transferred as heat is wasted energy as it is not useful because the purpose of the device is to produce light.
An ordinary light bulb works on the principle of a thin wire (filament) being heated by the resistance to the electrical current. At a temperature of about 1100°C it glows with a bright white light. As the electrical energy is required in heating the wire hence this is why most of the energy is given off as heat. Lamps which give of light when hot are called incandescent.
Energy Saving Light Bulb
Energy Transfer Diagram:
Electrical Energy → Heat and Light Energy
Potential Energy Diagram Worksheet Answers
Sankey Diagram:
Efficiency
Efficiency = 15/60 x 100
Efficiency = 25%
Explanation:
Energy saving light bulbs work on the principle of fluorescence. Here the electrical energy is supplied to electrodes which generate fast moving electrons that pass through a tube containing mercury gas. On collision with the mercury atoms ultraviolet light is produced which then collides with the phosphor atoms coated around the tube converting the ultraviolet to visible light.
Here a greater proportion of the electrical energy is converted to useful light, thus the energy saving light bulb is a more efficient device.
Energy cannot be created nor destroyed. It can only be transformed from one form to another (the law of conservation of energy).
When energy is transformed or transferred only part of it can be usefully transformed or transferred. The energy which is not usefully transformed or transferred is referred to as wasted energy.
Both the useful energy and the wasted energy which is transformed or transferred are eventually transferred to their surroundings which become warmer. As the energy spreads out it becomes more difficult to use for further energy transformations.
Efficiency
The efficiency of a device is calculated using the following formula:
Light Bulb
Energy Transfer Diagram:
Electrical Energy → Heat and Light Energy
Sankey Diagram:
Efficiency:
Efficiency = 5/100 x 100
Efficiency = 5%
Explanation:
Energy cannot be created nor destroyed. It can only be transformed from one form to another. Thus the 100J of electrical energy is transformed to 5 J of light energy and 95J of heat energy. In the case of the light bulb the 95J of energy transferred as heat is wasted energy as it is not useful because the purpose of the device is to produce light.
An ordinary light bulb works on the principle of a thin wire (filament) being heated by the resistance to the electrical current. At a temperature of about 1100°C it glows with a bright white light. As the electrical energy is required in heating the wire hence this is why most of the energy is given off as heat. Lamps which give of light when hot are called incandescent.
Energy Saving Light Bulb
Energy Transfer Diagram:
Electrical Energy → Heat and Light Energy
Potential Energy Diagram Worksheet Answers
Sankey Diagram:
Efficiency
Efficiency = 15/60 x 100
Efficiency = 25%
Explanation:
Energy saving light bulbs work on the principle of fluorescence. Here the electrical energy is supplied to electrodes which generate fast moving electrons that pass through a tube containing mercury gas. On collision with the mercury atoms ultraviolet light is produced which then collides with the phosphor atoms coated around the tube converting the ultraviolet to visible light.
Here a greater proportion of the electrical energy is converted to useful light, thus the energy saving light bulb is a more efficient device.
Energy cannot be created nor destroyed. It can only be transformed from one form to another (the law of conservation of energy).
When energy is transformed or transferred only part of it can be usefully transformed or transferred. The energy which is not usefully transformed or transferred is referred to as wasted energy.
Both the useful energy and the wasted energy which is transformed or transferred are eventually transferred to their surroundings which become warmer. As the energy spreads out it becomes more difficult to use for further energy transformations.
The greater the percentage of the energy that can be usefully transformed by a device the higher its efficiency.
More Kinetics Links
A potential energy diagram plots the change in potential energy that occurs during a chemical reaction. This first video takes you through all the basic parts of the PE diagram. Sometimes a teacher finds it necessary to ask questions about PE diagrams that involve actual Potential Energy values. This short video takes you through a few example of those problems.
More on PE Diagrams ENERGY FLOW
Activation Energy 'Ea' -The Energy required to initiate a chemical reaction. Both endothermic and exothermic reactions require activation energy.
Activated complex
Effect of a Catalyst speeds up a reaction by lower the activation energy More Kinetics Links Regents Questions-Highlight to reveal answer 6/02 Base your answers on the information and diagram below, which represent the changes in potential energy that occur during the given reaction. Given the reaction: A + B --> C a) Does the diagram illustrate an exothermic or an endothermic reaction? State one reason, in terms of energy, to support your answer.
b) On the diagram provided in your answer booklet,draw a dashed line to indicate a potential energy curve for the reaction if a catalyst is added.
8/02 1. Given the reaction: 2 H2(g) + O2(g) --> 2 H2O(l) + 571.6 kJ What is the approximate ΔH for the formation of 1 mole of H2O(l)? (1) -285.8 kJ (2) +285.8 kJ (3) -571.6 kJ (4) +571.6 kJ
2. According to Table I, which potential energy diagram best represents the reaction that forms H2O(l) from its elements?
3. Given the reaction: CH4(g) + 2 O2(g) --> 2 H2O(l) + CO2(g) What is the overall result when CH4(g) burns according to this reaction? (1) Energy is absorbed and ΔH is negative. (3) Energy is released and ΔH is negative. (2) Energy is absorbed and ΔH is positive. (4) Energy is released and ΔH is positive.
4. According to Table I, which salt releases energy as it dissolves? (1) KNO3 (2) LiBr (3) NH4NO3 (4) NaCl
1/03 Given the reaction: S(s) + O2(g) à SO2(g) + energy Which diagram best represents the potential energy changes for this reaction?
6/03 22. Which statement correctly describes an endothermic chemical reaction? (1) The products have higher potential energy than the reactants, and the ΔH is negative. (2) The products have higher potential energy than the reactants, and the ΔH is positive. (3) The products have lower potential energy than the reactants, and the ΔH is negative. (4) The products have lower potential energy than the reactants, and the ΔH is positive.
35. A catalyst is added to a system at equilibrium. If the temperature remains constant, the activation energy of the forward reaction (1) decreases (2). increases (3) remains the same
43. The potential energy diagram below represents a reaction. Which arrow represents the activation energy of the forward reaction? (1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D
8/03 17 Which phase change is an exothermic process? (1) CO2 (s) --> CO2 (g) (2) NH3 (g) --> NH3 (l) (3) Cu(s) --> Cu(l) (4) Hg(l) --> Hg(g)
51 Explain how a catalyst may increase the rate of a chemical reaction.
52 Sketch the potential energy diagram for an endothermic chemical reaction that shows the activation energy and the potential energy of the reactants and the potential energy of the products.
1/04 16 Which statement best explains the role of a catalyst in a chemical reaction? (3) A catalyst changes the kinds of products produced. (4) A catalyst provides an alternate reaction path-way that requires less activation energy.
Base your answers to questions 77 through 79 on the information and potential energy diagram below. Chemical cold packs are often used to reduce swelling after an athletic injury. The diagram represents the potential energy changes when a cold pack is activated. 77 Which lettered interval on the diagram represents the potential energy of the products?
More Kinetics Links 6/04 21 A catalyst increases the rate of a chemical reaction by
8/04 19 Which information about a chemical reaction is provided by a potential energy diagram? (1) the oxidation states of the reactants and products (2) the average kinetic energy of the reactants and products (3) the change in solubility of the reacting substances (4) the energy released or absorbed during the reaction
1/05 Base your answers to questions 56 through 58 on the potential energy diagram and the equation below. 2 C(s) + H2(g) + 227.4 kJ → C2H2(g) 56 The letter B represents which chemical formula or formulas in the equation?
57 If 682.2 kilojoules are absorbed, how many moles of C2H2(g) are produced?
58 Describe how the potential energy diagram will change if a catalyst is added.
1/06 16 In a chemical reaction, the difference between the potential energy of the products and the potential energy of the reactants is defined as the (1) activation energy (2) ionization energy (3) heat of reaction (4) heat of vaporization
40 Given the balanced equation:
43 Given the potential energy diagram for a chemical reaction: Which statement correctly describes the energy changes that occur in the forward reaction? (1) The activation energy is 10. kJ and the reaction is endothermic. (2) The activation energy is 10. kJ and the reaction is exothermic. (3) The activation energy is 50. kJ and the reaction is endothermic. (4) The activation energy is 50. kJ and the reaction is exothermic.
6/06 18 Which expression represents the ΔH for a chemical reaction in terms of the potential energy, PE, of its products and reactants? (1) PE of products + PE of reactants (2) PE of products – PE of reactants (3) PE of products × PE of reactants (4) PE of products ÷ PE of reactants
19 Which balanced equation represents an endothermic reaction?
Base your answers to questions 59 and 60 on the information below. Given the reaction at equilibrium: 59 Explain, in terms of energy, why the forward reaction is exothermic.
60 Explain, in terms of Le Chatelier's principle, why the equilibrium shifts to the right to relieve the stress when the pressure on the system is increased at constant temperature.
8/06 16 Which statement best describes how a catalyst increases the rate of a reaction? (1) The catalyst provides an alternate reaction pathway with a higher activation energy. (2) The catalyst provides an alternate reaction pathway with a lower activation energy. (3) The catalyst provides the same reaction pathway with a higher activation energy. (4) The catalyst provides the same reaction pathway with a lower activation energy.
44 Given the balanced equation representing a reaction: Which statement is true about energy in this reaction? (1) The reaction is exothermic because it releases heat. (2) The reaction is exothermic because it absorbs heat. (3) The reaction is endothermic because it releases heat. (4) The reaction is endothermic because it absorbs heat.
46 Given the potential energy diagram for a reaction: Which interval on this diagram represents the difference between the potential energy of the products and the potential energy of the reactants? (1) 1 (2) 2 (3) 3 (4) 4 More Kinetics Links Chemical Demonstration Videos |
